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A flame arrester is classified by the kind of flame it has been tested to stop, and the classification is not a grade where more is simply better — it is a description of what will actually arrive at it. An ignition in an explosive mixture starts as a deflagration; confined in a pipe with enough run, that deflagration accelerates and can transition into a detonation, which is a different and far more violent event. ISO 16852 separates the devices accordingly, into deflagration arresters, stable detonation arresters and unstable detonation arresters, and the pipe geometry between the possible ignition source and the device is what decides which class is required. Fitting a deflagration arrester where a detonation can develop is a device that will be overrun. The other decisive number is the gas group, since the gap the flame must be quenched in depends on the substance. Send the P&ID, the substance and the run length.
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| Position | End of line at a vent, or in line within pipework |
|---|---|
| Arrester class | Deflagration, stable detonation, or unstable detonation |
| Pipe run length | Distance from a possible ignition source — it decides the class |
| Substance | The gas or vapour, which fixes the group and the quenching gap |
| Gas group | Explosion group of the mixture handled |
| Operating pressure and temperature | Normal and upset at the device |
| Flow and pressure drop | Permitted drop across the element at the design flow |
| Endurance burning | State if the device must survive a sustained flame on its face |
| Connection | Flanged or threaded size, rating and facing |
| Materials | Housing and element materials suited to the fluid and the ambient |
| Maintenance access | Element removal for cleaning — arresters foul and must be serviced |
| Documentation | Type test certificate and the marking the specification requires |
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