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Fieldbus cable is chosen by the electrical properties the protocol demands, and substituting a cable that merely looks similar is the reason a segment works on the bench and drops packets on the plant. A protocol specifies a characteristic impedance and a capacitance per unit length, and the bus was designed around them: an RS-485 network expects a defined impedance so that its terminating resistors actually terminate, and a process bus that carries power alongside the signal has a separate specification again. Get either wrong and the symptom is intermittent — a bus that runs for weeks and then fails when a drive starts nearby. Two further points decide the order. Segment length is limited by the protocol and its speed, and it is a design input rather than something to discover during commissioning. And the colour convention differs by protocol, which matters in a plant where several buses share a marshalling cabinet.
The more of this you send, the closer the first quotation lands.
| Protocol | Profibus DP or PA, Modbus RS-485, DeviceNet, CANopen or another |
|---|---|
| Characteristic impedance | Set by the protocol — the terminators depend on it |
| Capacitance per metre | Limits the usable segment length |
| Segment length | Total run and the number of nodes on it |
| Data rate | Higher rates shorten the maximum segment |
| Screening | Foil, braid, or both — and how the screen is earthed |
| Cores or pairs | Pair count, and whether power cores share the cable |
| Sheath colour | Protocol conventions differ — state the one in use on site |
| Installation type | Fixed, flexible, or continuous-flex for a drag chain |
| Route environment | Tray shared with power, buried duct, or hazardous area |
| Connectors | Field-attachable connectors and terminators required |
| Drum lengths | Continuous lengths per segment, and the total quantity |
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